Python 包管理工具 pipenv poetry

现代 Python 项目推荐使用 pipenv 或 poetry 管理依赖。

1. pipenv

安装

pip install pipenv

常用命令

# 进入项目目录
cd myproject

# 安装依赖
pipenv install

# 安装开发依赖
pipenv install --dev pytest

# 运行
pipenv run python main.py

# 进入虚拟环境
pipenv shell

Pipfile

[[source]]
url = "https://pypi.org/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"

[packages]
requests = "*"

[dev-packages]
pytest = "*"

2. poetry

安装

curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -

常用命令

# 初始化
poetry new myproject

# 添加依赖
poetry add requests
poetry add pytest --group dev

# 安装
poetry install

# 运行脚本
poetry run python main.py

# 进入 shell
poetry shell

pyproject.toml

[tool.poetry]
name = "myproject"
version = "0.1.0"

[tool.poetry.dependencies]
python = "^3.8"
requests = "^2.28"

3. 对比

两者都比 pip + requirements.txt 更现代。